Generative AI and Public History

  • Transcription
  • Metadata
  • Chat-bot
  • About Us
  • Ethics Statement
A close-up photograph of a shelf filled with white paper document binders.and boxes full of archival papers.
A close-up photograph of a shelf filled with white paper document binders.and boxes full of archival papers. Image provided courtesy of Pixabay.

The Goal

The aim of using A.I. to assist with transcription is to expedite the transcription process and put the information in the proper historical context, while still remaining an accurate and useful tool.

The Process

Part of the appeal of using A.I. to assist in transcription is that the process is fast and simple. That being said, it is also important to prioritize caution and accuracy above all else. The A.I. used for each image transcription will be Gemini Pro, which is widely thought to be on the cutting edge of A.I. Transcription. Each image below can be clicked, and when clicked the user will be taken to a new page where the results of the transcription are displayed. Gemini is simply prompted to “Transcribe” and whatever it responds with is directly copy-pasted below the image on this new page. At the bottom of each page there is an editor’s note correcting any mistakes, or noting if no noticeable mistakes were made. As a sort of ‘stress-test’ of the A.I., the images being transcribed will be taken with a mobile phone camera. Each image is sourced from the UMW Special Collections archive. To see what AI said about a particular image, just click on it, and it will take to its corresponding page.

Image of handwritten, old text on yellowing parchment. The language is unclear, but it looks to be medieval or even older.
Image of handwritten, old text on yellowing parchment. The language is unclear, but it looks to be medieval or even older. Image provided courtesy of Pixabay.

Images

This vintage scrapbook page, titled "The 'Gang'" in stylized blue lettering, features two black-and-white photographs of young women in the mid-20th century. Below the photos, hand-written captions identify the friends posing indoors and outdoors on a grassy lawn.
This handwritten scrapbook page is titled "And Then There Are The Weekends" and features several doodles representing different travel destinations. The illustrations include a pennant for Hampden-Sydney, suitcases labeled with initials, and the names of locations like Quantico, Annapolis, and the University of Virginia.
An open vintage ledger displays handwritten financial entries in cursive script across two numbered pages, detailing petty cash expenses and reimbursements for items like salad, postage, and telegraph bills. The weathered, lined paper includes dates from November, monetary amounts in columns, and several large checkmarks drawn over the entries to indicate completion.
This image shows an open vintage accounting ledger filled with meticulous, handwritten entries in dark ink across pages numbered 6 and 47. The records date back to May and list various cash transactions for expenses such as stamps, laundry, and trips.
This antique "Class autographs" page features a delicate illustration of a woman writing at a desk surrounded by yellow roses. Below the heading, two heartfelt poems are handwritten in cursive, signed by Louise Hamrick and Helen L. Douglas, who remind the reader of their friendship at Monaskon.
This "Class Autographs" page from a vintage book features two playful, handwritten poems about future marriage written in elegant cursive. The entries are signed by Cora D. Elmore and Dorothy Dobyns, with the latter providing a humorous advice rhyme and her address in Mollusk, Virginia.
This "Class Autographs" page from a vintage memory book contains two handwritten notes addressed to Katherine, written in flowing cursive. The entries include a sincere well-wish from Thelma and a humorous rhyming poem by Marjorie Rosson of Ellerson, Virginia, both mentioning their shared days at "F.S.T.C."
This vintage "Class Autographs" page, dated October 30, 1927, features a sentimental message from Margaret Lawrence of New Bern, North Carolina, reflecting on shared college memories. Below it, a humorous entry by "Margie" West of Portsmouth, Virginia, jokes about their "mighty slim" chances of getting into heaven since they are both "Red Devils."
This "Social Events" scrapbook page features a bright red, hand-cut paper devil figure glued to the center, which serves as a whimsical invitation to "come and have a good time with the Red Devils." Hand-lettered notes on and around the figure mention a date of October 29, 1927, and indicate the event was hosted by "one of the boys at the Mission School."

Results

The AI has shown a remarkable capability to transcribe handwriting, place that handwriting in context, and even understand the geographic locations mentioned in the dataset. A few images, like the ledger images proved to be a bit confusing for the AI, but Gemini Pro was able to handle most of the images with almost perfect accuracy. This could be especially useful in cases where there is a large volume of handwritten text spread out over an archive. The AI is not perfect, but many of its mistakes are also places where a human could reasonably make a similar mistake (for example, the handwritten ledgers with messy handwriting. The AI is also quite good at relating one image to another in context (for example Gemini Pro was able to relate many of the above images to each other geographically), which could be very useful for the history of a certain county or city. The transcription has proven to be accurate, fast, and helpful. This could conceivably be a revolutionary new tool for archivists and educators. This is an especially useful tool in terms of ‘mind-numbing’ data sets like ledgers and logbooks. In all, this aspect of the experiment has proved totally successful.

This image shows a fountain pen open over top of a piece of paper. The pen and paper look to be on top of an orange surface.
This image shows a fountain pen open over top of a piece of paper. The pen and paper look to be on top of an orange surface. Image provided courtesy of Pixabay.